The first discovery of this by Ribot was the case of a man whom he mentions as a well-known physiologist. In 1897, Théodule-Armand Ribot reported a kind of "typographic visual type" imagination, consisting in mentally seeing ideas in the form of corresponding printed words. They had no more notion of its true nature than a colour-blind man who has not discerned his defect has of the nature of colour. To my astonishment, I found that the great majority of the men of science to whom I first applied, protested that mental imagery was unknown to them, and they looked on me as fanciful and fantastic in supposing that the words "mental imagery" really expressed what I believed everybody supposed them to mean. Galton found it was a common phenomenon among his peers. The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880 in a statistical study about mental imagery. Hyperphantasia, the condition of having extremely vivid mental imagery, is the opposite of aphantasia. Another is object aphantasia, the inability to create mental images of single items or events. One subtype is spatial aphantasia, the inability to create mental imagery in the visuo-spatial aspect. Some research has investigated subtypes of aphantasia. Research on the condition is still scarce. Zeman's team coined the term aphantasia, derived from the ancient Greek word phantasia ( φαντασία), which means "imagination", and the prefix a- ( ἀ-), which means "without".
Interest in the phenomenon renewed after the publication of a study in 2015 conducted by a team led by Professor Adam Zeman of the University of Exeter. The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880, but has since remained relatively unstudied.
Not to be confused with aphasia, the inability to formulate language.Īphantasia ( / ˌ eɪ f æ n ˈ t eɪ ʒ ə/ ay-fan- TAY-zhə, / ˌ æ f æ n ˈ t eɪ ʒ ə/ a-fan- TAY-zhə) is the inability to create mental imagery.
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